:root{--nav-h:58px;--timeline-h:82px;--max:1240px;--ink:#07182c;--muted:#50677d;--blue:#0b84f3;--line:#dbe6f0;--radius:10px;--shadow:0 16px 38px #0e345814}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{color:var(--ink);background:#fff;margin:0;font-family:Inter,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,sans-serif}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.site-shell{min-height:100vh}.top-nav{height:var(--nav-h);z-index:100;color:#fff;background:#020b17;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff14;position:sticky;top:0}.nav-inner{width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - 48px));justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;height:100%;margin:auto;display:flex}.brand{letter-spacing:-.03em;align-items:center;gap:11px;font-size:24px;font-weight:700;display:flex}.gbc-mark{clip-path:polygon(25% 0,75% 0,100% 24%,100% 76%,75% 100%,25% 100%,0 76%,0 24%);background:linear-gradient(145deg,#0d5fb7,#03152a);border:1px solid #3aa4ff;place-items:center;width:38px;height:38px;display:grid;box-shadow:inset 0 0 18px #22a2ff4d}.gbc-mark span{letter-spacing:.08em;font-size:10px;font-weight:800}.desktop-nav{align-items:center;gap:24px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;display:flex}.desktop-nav a{color:#d6e1ed}.desktop-nav a:hover{color:#73c6ff}.menu-button{background:0 0;border:0;width:42px;height:42px;display:none}.menu-button span{background:#fff;width:24px;height:2px;margin:5px auto;display:block}.mobile-nav{display:none}.hero{color:#fff;background:#041223;height:350px;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.hero-bg{background:url(/earth-network-hero.webp) 66%/cover no-repeat;position:absolute;inset:0;transform:scale(1.015)}.hero-shade{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#01070ffc 0%,#020c19f5 30%,#031223b8 48%,#0312231f 78%,#03122308 100%);position:absolute;inset:0}.hero-copy{z-index:2;width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - 48px));margin:auto;padding-top:52px;position:relative}.hero-kicker{color:#6fc4ff;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:11px;font-weight:700}.hero h1{letter-spacing:-.045em;max-width:670px;margin:0;font-size:52px;font-weight:720;line-height:1.04}.hero>.hero-copy>p:not(.hero-kicker){color:#e6f0fa;max-width:640px;margin:16px 0 0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.6}.hero-actions{gap:12px;margin-top:22px;display:flex}.btn{border-radius:7px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:42px;padding:0 18px;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:650;display:inline-flex}.btn.primary{background:var(--blue);color:#fff}.btn.outline{background:#010f1f57;border:1px solid #6fc4ffb8}.timeline-sticky{top:var(--nav-h);z-index:90;height:var(--timeline-h);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(12px);backdrop-filter:blur(12px);background:#031223fb;border-bottom:1px solid #70aae142;position:sticky}.timeline-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr);align-items:start;width:min(1180px,100% - 48px);height:100%;margin:auto;padding-top:13px;display:grid;position:relative}.timeline-rule{background:#627b95;height:1px;position:absolute;bottom:18px;left:3%;right:3%}.timeline-item{z-index:2;color:#e8f2fd;cursor:pointer;text-align:left;font:inherit;background:0 0;border:0;padding:0 10px;position:relative}.timeline-year{font-size:15px;font-weight:650;display:block}.timeline-label{color:#b8c9d9;margin-top:2px;font-size:11.5px;display:block}.timeline-item i{background:#07182c;border:2px solid #718ba6;border-radius:50%;width:15px;height:15px;transition:all .22s;position:absolute;bottom:-27px;left:12px}.timeline-item.active i{background:#fff;border-color:#1c9aff;box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #1c9aff29,0 0 12px #1c9aff7a}.purpose-section{padding:64px max(24px,calc((100vw - var(--max))/2)) 58px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#f7fbff}.purpose-intro{max-width:780px}.purpose-intro>span,.section-heading>span{color:#0e80e8;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:11px;font-weight:750;display:block}.purpose-intro h2,.section-heading h2{letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0;font-size:34px;font-weight:680;line-height:1.16}.purpose-intro p,.section-heading p{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;line-height:1.75}.five-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr);gap:14px;margin-top:28px;display:grid}.five-grid>div{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);background:#fff;padding:18px}.five-grid b{color:#0c6fce;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;font-size:12px}.five-grid p{color:#3f566c;margin:8px 0 0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.55}.history-section{width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - 48px));border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:calc(var(--nav-h) + var(--timeline-h) + 18px);margin:auto;padding:46px 0 38px}.history-grid{grid-template-columns:145px minmax(0,1fr) minmax(340px,.86fr);align-items:start;gap:42px;display:grid}.year-column>span{color:#4f81bd;letter-spacing:-.045em;font-size:48px;font-weight:350;line-height:1;display:block}.year-column i{background:#147ae4;width:22px;height:2px;margin:12px 0;display:block}.year-column strong{font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.history-copy h2{letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:2px 0 12px;font-size:25px;font-weight:660}.history-copy p{color:#2e465f;max-width:660px;margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.72}.inline-links{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:20px;margin-top:18px;display:flex}.inline-links a,.inline-cta{color:#0969da;font-size:13px;font-weight:650}.video-card{border-radius:var(--radius);box-shadow:var(--shadow);background:#020b17;border:1px solid #1f3a57;overflow:hidden}.video-card video{object-fit:cover;background:#000;width:100%;height:205px;display:block}.video-card small{color:#8fb0cc;padding:9px 12px;font-size:11px;display:block}.compact-grid{grid-template-columns:145px minmax(0,1fr) minmax(300px,.72fr);min-height:190px}.reference-stack{gap:9px;display:grid}.reference-stack a{border:1px solid var(--line);color:#0b62bb;background:#f7fbff;border-radius:8px;padding:12px 14px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.45}.definition-card{border-radius:var(--radius);background:linear-gradient(135deg,#f7fbff,#edf6ff);border:1px solid #dce9f5;padding:20px}.definition-card h3{color:#153f73;margin:0 0 9px;font-size:14px}.definition-card p{color:#315175;margin:0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.65}.content-section{padding:76px max(24px,calc((100vw - var(--max))/2));background:#fff}.section-heading{max-width:800px}.impact-section{background:#f6faff}.impact-layout{grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr;gap:34px;margin-top:30px;display:grid}.chart-title{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:14px;font-weight:650}.bar-row{grid-template-columns:150px 1fr 28px;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:14px 0;display:grid}.bar-row>span{color:#c8d9e8;font-size:12px}.bar-track{background:#17324d;border-radius:999px;height:9px;overflow:hidden}.bar-track i{background:linear-gradient(90deg,#158df7,#77c8ff);border-radius:999px;height:100%;display:block}.bar-row b{color:#7ac7ff;font-size:12px}.impact-chart small{color:#87a2bb;margin-top:20px;line-height:1.5;display:block}.impact-list{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;display:grid}.impact-list a{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;border-radius:10px;padding:16px 34px 16px 16px;position:relative}.impact-list strong{color:#0b62bb;font-size:13px;display:block}.impact-list span{color:#4e6478;margin-top:7px;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.55;display:block}.impact-list b{color:#147ae4;position:absolute;top:13px;right:13px}.patent-section{background:#fff}.patent-grid{grid-template-columns:.78fr 1.22fr;align-items:center;gap:46px;margin-top:34px;display:grid}.patent-copy{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);background:#f7fbff;padding:28px}.patent-number{color:#0e73d6;font-weight:700}.patent-copy h3{margin:22px 0 8px;font-size:18px}.patent-copy p{line-height:1.65}.patent-copy a{color:#086cd4;font-weight:650}.ip-note{color:#667b8f;margin-top:18px;font-size:11.5px}.patent-image{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);min-height:280px;box-shadow:var(--shadow);background:#fff;place-items:center;padding:12px;display:grid}.patent-image img{object-fit:contain;border-radius:6px;width:100%;max-height:500px}.publication-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:30px;display:grid}.resource-card{border-radius:var(--radius);background:#fff;border:1px solid #d9e4ee;min-height:145px;padding:16px 16px 30px;transition:all .2s;position:relative}.resource-card:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);border-color:#9ac9f4;transform:translateY(-3px)}.resource-label{color:#415a73;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:650;display:block}.resource-card strong{color:#0a57c6;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:550;line-height:1.5;display:block}.resource-card small{color:#687b8e;margin-top:10px;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.4;display:block}.resource-card b{color:#147ae4;position:absolute;bottom:11px;right:13px}.acknowledgments-section{background:#f7fbff}.ack-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:16px;margin-top:30px;display:grid}.ack-grid>div{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;border-radius:10px;padding:20px}.ack-grid h3{margin:0 0 9px;font-size:16px}.ack-grid p{color:#51687d;margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.65}.closing-band{color:#fff;padding:50px max(24px,calc((100vw - var(--max))/2));background:linear-gradient(105deg,#06162a,#0a3868);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:40px;display:flex}.closing-band span{color:#4db3ff;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.12em;font-size:11px;font-weight:700}.closing-band h2{margin:7px 0;font-size:30px;font-weight:650}.closing-band p{color:#c4d8eb;margin:0;font-size:14px}.closing-band a{color:#7ac7ff;border:1px solid #3faaff;border-radius:7px;padding:11px 17px;font-weight:650}footer{color:#9fb4c8;padding:24px max(24px,calc((100vw - var(--max))/2));background:#020912;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:24px;font-size:11px;display:flex}.footer-brand{color:#fff;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:15px;font-weight:700;display:flex}.footer-brand .gbc-mark span{font-size:9px}@media (width<=1080px){.desktop-nav{gap:15px}.five-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.history-grid,.compact-grid{grid-template-columns:125px 1fr}.video-card,.definition-card,.reference-stack{grid-column:2}.impact-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.publication-grid,.ack-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media (width<=760px){:root{--nav-h:58px;--timeline-h:82px}.desktop-nav{display:none}.menu-button{display:block}.mobile-nav{top:var(--nav-h);background:#061426;flex-direction:column;padding:10px 24px 18px;display:flex;position:absolute;left:0;right:0}.mobile-nav a{border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff14;padding:11px 0}.brand{font-size:20px}.hero{height:410px}.hero-bg{background-position:72%}.hero-copy{width:calc(100% - 30px);padding-top:50px}.hero h1{font-size:41px}.hero>.hero-copy>p:not(.hero-kicker){font-size:15.5px}.timeline-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(120px,1fr));width:100%;padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;overflow-x:auto}.timeline-rule{width:700px;left:20px;right:auto}.purpose-section{padding-top:46px}.five-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.history-section{width:calc(100% - 30px);padding-top:36px;padding-bottom:32px}.history-grid,.compact-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}.year-column{align-items:center;gap:10px;display:flex}.year-column>span{font-size:38px}.year-column i{width:16px;margin:0}.video-card,.definition-card,.reference-stack{grid-column:auto}.impact-list{grid-template-columns:1fr}.bar-row{grid-template-columns:115px 1fr 24px}.publication-grid,.ack-grid,.patent-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.content-section{padding-top:56px;padding-bottom:56px}.purpose-intro h2,.section-heading h2{font-size:29px}.closing-band,footer{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}}.sr-only{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.brand{gap:0}.hero{height:auto;min-height:400px}.hero-copy{padding-top:52px;padding-bottom:52px}.hero h1{letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0;font-size:64px;line-height:1.02}.hero .hero-sub{color:#6fc4ff;letter-spacing:-.01em;margin:10px 0 0;font-size:20px;font-weight:600}.hero>.hero-copy>p:not(.hero-kicker):not(.hero-sub):not(.hero-byline){color:#e6f0fa;max-width:640px;margin:18px 0 0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.62}.hero .hero-byline{color:#a9c3da;margin:22px 0 0;font-size:13px}.hero .hero-byline a{color:#7ac7ff;border-bottom:1px solid #7ac7ff59;padding-bottom:1px;font-weight:600}.hero .hero-byline a:hover{color:#a9dbff;border-bottom-color:#a9dbff}.gbc-mark{clip-path:none;width:38px;height:38px;box-shadow:none;color:#7cc9ff;background:0 0;border:0;place-items:center;display:grid}.cube-mark{filter:drop-shadow(0 0 6px #1c9aff73);width:100%;height:100%;display:block}.brand:hover .gbc-mark{color:#a9dbff}.footer-brand .gbc-mark{width:30px;height:30px}.timeline-wrap{align-items:stretch;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:12px}.timeline-rail{z-index:1;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#54b4ff26,#54b4ff8c 12% 88%,#54b4ff26);border-radius:2px;height:2px;position:absolute;bottom:19px;left:8.333%;right:8.333%}.timeline-item{z-index:2;text-align:center;cursor:pointer;color:#e8f2fd;height:100%;font:inherit;background:0 0;border:1px solid #0000;border-radius:9px;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:2px;padding:5px 6px 0;transition:background .18s,border-color .18s;display:flex;position:relative}.timeline-item:hover{background:#54b4ff1a}.timeline-item:hover .timeline-year,.timeline-item:hover .timeline-label{color:#9ad4ff}.timeline-item:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px;outline:2px solid #54b4ff}.timeline-year{white-space:nowrap;font-size:15px;font-weight:650;display:block}.timeline-label{color:#b8c9d9;white-space:nowrap;margin-top:1px;font-size:11.5px;display:block}.timeline-item i{background:#0a2137;border:2px solid #6f8ba6;border-radius:50%;flex:none;width:13px;height:13px;margin-top:auto;transition:background .2s,border-color .2s,box-shadow .2s,transform .2s;position:static}.timeline-item:hover i{border-color:#54b4ff}.timeline-item.active{background:linear-gradient(#1c9aff38,#1c9aff0f);border-color:#54b4ff8c;box-shadow:0 4px 14px #03122380}.timeline-item.active .timeline-year{color:#fff}.timeline-item.active .timeline-label{color:#9ad4ff}.timeline-item.active i{background:#fff;border-color:#fff;transform:scale(1.2);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #1c9aff4d,0 0 14px #78c8ffb3}.year-column{padding-top:2px}.year-column>span{white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.045em;font-size:clamp(30px,3.3vw,48px);line-height:1.02;display:block}.year-column.is-long>span{letter-spacing:-.03em;font-size:clamp(24px,2.4vw,34px)}.year-column strong{color:#31506d;margin-top:10px;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;display:block}.year-column.is-long strong{margin-top:12px}.video-note{border-top:1px solid #1f3a57;padding:13px 14px 15px}.video-note strong{letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#6fc4ff;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;display:block}.video-note p{color:#a9c3da;margin:8px 0 0;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.6}.impact-layout-v2{grid-template-columns:.9fr 1.1fr;align-items:start;gap:28px;margin-top:34px;display:grid}.impact-chart{color:#fff;box-shadow:var(--shadow);background:#07182c;border-radius:12px;padding:26px}.impact-chart .chart-title{font-size:14px;font-weight:650}.donut-block{grid-template-columns:170px 1fr;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin-top:18px;display:grid}.donut{width:170px;height:170px;display:block}.donut path{transition:opacity .18s}.donut:hover path{opacity:.55}.donut path:hover{opacity:1}.donut-legend{gap:9px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.donut-legend li{color:#c8d9e8;align-items:flex-start;gap:9px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;display:flex}.donut-legend i{border-radius:3px;flex:none;width:11px;height:11px;margin-top:2px}.impact-notes{gap:18px;display:grid}.impact-notes>div{border-left:2px solid #cfe1f2;padding-left:16px}.impact-notes h3{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:15px;font-weight:650}.impact-notes p{color:#51687d;margin:0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.62}.impact-cta{color:#0b84f3;justify-self:start;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:650}.impact-cta:hover{text-decoration:underline}.patent-frame{margin:0}.patent-frame.is-missing{display:none}.patent-mat{background:linear-gradient(160deg,#0a1f36,#061425);border:1px solid #23425f;border-radius:12px;padding:22px;box-shadow:0 24px 50px #06142547,inset 0 0 0 1px #8cc8ff14}.patent-mat img{object-fit:contain;background:#fff;border-radius:4px;width:100%;max-height:520px;display:block;box-shadow:0 8px 22px #020a1473}.patent-frame figcaption{text-align:center;color:#7d93a8;letter-spacing:.02em;margin-top:11px;font-size:11.5px}.news-groups{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:34px 30px;margin-top:34px;display:grid}.news-group h3{letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0b84f3;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700}.news-list{gap:2px;display:grid}.news-item{border:1px solid #0000;border-radius:8px;padding:12px 30px 12px 14px;transition:background .16s,border-color .16s;display:block;position:relative}a.news-item:hover{background:#f3f9ff;border-color:#d5e7f7}.news-item strong{color:#0b62bb;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.42;display:block}.news-item.is-static strong{color:#31506d}.news-item span{color:#7189a0;margin-top:4px;font-size:12px;display:block}.news-item b{color:#147ae4;font-size:12px;position:absolute;top:13px;right:12px}.profile-row{color:#51687d;margin:28px 0 0;font-size:13px}.profile-row a{color:#0b84f3;font-weight:600}.profile-row a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.inline-cta{font:inherit;color:#0b84f3;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;padding:0;font-weight:650}.inline-cta:hover{text-decoration:underline}.closing-links{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;display:flex}.closing-links a{color:#7ac7ff;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid #3faaff;border-radius:7px;padding:11px 17px;font-weight:650}.closing-links a:hover{background:#3faaff1f}footer p{max-width:620px;line-height:1.6}footer p a{color:#cfe2f5;border-bottom:1px solid #cfe2f54d}@media (width<=1080px){.impact-layout-v2{grid-template-columns:1fr}.donut-block{grid-template-columns:150px 1fr}.donut{width:150px;height:150px}}@media (width<=760px){.hero{min-height:auto}.hero h1{font-size:46px}.hero .hero-sub{font-size:16px}.timeline-rail{width:600px;left:68px;right:auto}.year-column{align-items:baseline}.year-column strong{margin-top:0}.year-column.is-long>span{font-size:30px}.donut-block{text-align:left;grid-template-columns:1fr;justify-items:center}.news-groups{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}.closing-links{width:100%}}.patent-grid.no-image{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,720px)}.hero .hero-byline{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:6px 14px;display:flex}.author-inline{white-space:nowrap;align-items:baseline;gap:8px;display:inline-flex}.byline-links{gap:7px;display:inline-flex}.citation-list{counter-reset:none;gap:2px;margin:34px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.citation{border:1px solid #0000;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;grid-template-columns:34px 1fr;gap:14px;padding:18px 16px;display:grid}.citation:last-child{border-bottom-color:#0000}.citation:hover{background:#f6fafe;border-color:#dcebf9}.citation-index{color:#0b62bb;background:#eaf4ff;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;width:28px;height:28px;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;display:grid}.citation-line{color:#31506d;margin:0;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.65}.citation-line cite{color:var(--ink);font-style:normal;font-weight:650}.citation-meta{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:9px 0 0;display:flex}.citation-kind{letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0b84f3;background:#eaf4ff;border-radius:999px;padding:4px 9px;font-size:10px;font-weight:700}.citation-meta a{color:#0b84f3;font-size:13px;font-weight:650}.citation-meta a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.patent-facts{gap:16px;margin:22px 0 24px;display:grid}.patent-facts>div{gap:5px;display:grid}.patent-facts dt{letter-spacing:.11em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0b84f3;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700}.patent-facts dd{color:#31506d;margin:0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.6}.ack-note{color:#31506d;max-width:760px;margin:22px 0 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}.ack-note strong{color:var(--ink);font-weight:650}@media (width<=760px){.citation{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:10px;padding:16px 4px}.citation-index{display:none}}:root{--gutter:24px}.nav-inner,.hero-copy,.timeline-wrap,.history-section{width:min(var(--max),calc(100% - var(--gutter) * 2))}.purpose-section,.content-section,.closing-band,footer{padding-left:max(var(--gutter),calc((100% - var(--max)) / 2));padding-right:max(var(--gutter),calc((100% - var(--max)) / 2))}.mobile-nav{padding-left:var(--gutter);padding-right:var(--gutter)}.patent-block{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:52px;padding-top:36px}.patent-heading{letter-spacing:-.015em;margin:0 0 4px;font-size:22px;font-weight:650}.patent-block .patent-grid{margin-top:24px}.patent-block .patent-number{color:#0b62bb}.closing-side{justify-items:flex-start;gap:14px;display:grid}.closing-byline{color:#c4d8eb;margin:0;font-size:13px}.to-top{z-index:120;color:#8fd3ff;cursor:pointer;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;background:#06162aeb;border:1px solid #7ac7ff80;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;width:46px;height:46px;padding:0;transition:opacity .22s,transform .22s,visibility .22s,background .18s;display:grid;position:fixed;bottom:26px;right:26px;transform:translateY(12px);box-shadow:0 10px 26px #03122359}.to-top.is-visible{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transform:translateY(0)}.to-top:hover{color:#fff;background:#0d4d8c}.to-top:focus-visible{outline-offset:3px;outline:2px solid #54b4ff}.to-top svg{width:20px;height:20px;display:block}@media (width<=760px){:root{--gutter:15px}.to-top{width:42px;height:42px;bottom:16px;right:16px}.closing-side{width:100%}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.to-top{transition:opacity 10ms linear}}.patent-lede{color:#51687d;max-width:760px;margin:12px 0 0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.65}.patent-layout{background:#f5faff;border:1px solid #dcebf9;border-radius:12px;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px;margin-top:26px;padding:24px;display:grid}.patent-layout .patent-facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:20px 28px;margin:0;display:grid}.patent-record-link{color:#0b84f3;justify-self:start;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:650}.patent-record-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.patent-media{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:start;gap:28px;margin-top:32px;display:grid}.patent-media .patent-frame{margin:0}.patent-media a{display:block}.patent-mat.is-page{background:#fff;border-color:#dcebf9;padding:14px;box-shadow:0 18px 40px #06142524}.patent-mat.is-page img{max-height:none;box-shadow:none;border:1px solid #eef4fa}.patent-media .patent-mat img{max-height:none;transition:transform .3s}.patent-media a:hover .patent-mat img{transform:scale(1.012)}.patent-media figcaption{text-align:left;color:#7d93a8;margin-top:12px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.55}@media (width<=1080px){.patent-layout .patent-facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media (width<=760px){.patent-media{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px}.patent-layout{padding:18px}.patent-layout .patent-facts{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:16px}}.patent-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:20px}.patent-layout .patent-facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);max-width:640px}.patent-record-links a{color:#0b62bb;background:#fff;border:1px solid #b9d9f5;border-radius:8px;padding:10px 15px;font-size:13px;font-weight:650}.patent-record-links a:hover{color:#fff;background:#0b84f3;border-color:#0b84f3}@media (width<=760px){.patent-layout .patent-facts{grid-template-columns:1fr}.patent-record-links a{text-align:center;width:100%}}.patent-eyebrow{letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#0b84f3;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;display:block}.patent-record-links{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 22px;display:flex}.patent-record-links a{color:#0b84f3;font-size:13.5px;font-weight:650}.patent-record-links a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.hero-sub .arrow{padding:0 2px}.news-list.is-combined{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:2px 30px;margin-top:30px}.history-section .patent-media{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:28px;margin-top:30px}.history-section .patent-media .patent-mat{padding:16px}.history-section .patent-media .patent-mat.is-page{padding:12px}@media (width<=760px){.news-list.is-combined,.history-section .patent-media{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.footer-legal{color:#7f98ae;max-width:560px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.55}.preview-gate{color:#f4f7f5;background:radial-gradient(circle at 20% 15%,#588c7e29,#0000 32%),radial-gradient(circle at 80% 85%,#4c698c21,#0000 30%),#07100f;place-items:center;min-height:100vh;padding:24px;display:grid}.preview-gate-card{-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(12px);backdrop-filter:blur(12px);background:#091614d1;border:1px solid #ffffff24;border-radius:18px;width:min(100%,430px);padding:42px 36px;box-shadow:0 24px 80px #00000057}.preview-gate-mark{border:1px solid #ffffff38;border-radius:50%;place-items:center;width:42px;height:42px;margin-bottom:28px;font-weight:700;display:grid}.preview-gate-kicker{letter-spacing:.18em;opacity:.62;margin:0 0 10px;font-size:.72rem}.preview-gate h1{margin:0;font-size:clamp(2rem,7vw,3.25rem);line-height:1}.preview-gate-copy{opacity:.72;margin:18px 0 28px}.preview-gate-form{gap:10px;display:grid}.preview-gate-form label{opacity:.72;font-size:.8rem}.preview-gate-form input{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;color:inherit;font:inherit;background:#ffffff0f;border:1px solid #ffffff2e;border-radius:9px;outline:none;padding:13px 14px}.preview-gate-form input:focus{border-color:#ffffff7a}.preview-gate-form button{font:inherit;cursor:pointer;border:0;border-radius:9px;margin-top:5px;padding:13px 16px;font-weight:650}.preview-gate-error{margin:0;font-size:.82rem}.patent-frame figcaption{color:inherit}.patent-frame figcaption strong{color:inherit;font-weight:700}.patent-frame .patent-mat{aspect-ratio:4/5;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;display:flex;overflow:hidden}.patent-frame .patent-mat img{object-fit:contain;width:100%;height:100%;display:block}.footer-author-links{vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;gap:.42rem;margin-left:.55rem;display:inline-flex}.footer-author-links a{opacity:.72;border:1px solid;border-radius:50%;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;transition:opacity .18s,transform .18s;display:inline-flex}.footer-author-links a:hover{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-1px)}.footer-author-links svg{fill:currentColor;width:.95rem;height:.95rem}.footer-author-links a.footer-site-link{white-space:nowrap;border:0;border-radius:0;width:auto;height:auto;padding:0;text-decoration:none}.footer-author-links a.footer-site-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.footer-research .footer-author{margin-bottom:.45rem}.footer-research .footer-author-links{margin-left:0}.author-name-link,.inline-person>a:first-child{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.author-name-link:hover,.inline-person>a:first-child:hover{text-decoration:underline}.linkedin-icon{fill:currentColor;width:.95rem;height:.95rem;display:block}.inline-person{align-items:center;gap:.35rem;display:inline-flex}.inline-linkedin{justify-content:center;align-items:center;display:inline-flex}.author-inline{vertical-align:middle;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.42rem;display:inline-flex}.author-contact-row{align-items:center;gap:.42rem;margin-left:.18rem;display:inline-flex}.author-domain-link{color:inherit;white-space:nowrap;opacity:.82;text-decoration:none}.author-domain-link:hover{opacity:1;text-decoration:underline}.circle-linkedin{opacity:.72;vertical-align:middle;border:1px solid;border-radius:50%;flex:0 0 1.75rem;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;transition:opacity .18s,transform .18s;display:inline-flex}.circle-linkedin:hover{opacity:1;transform:translateY(-1px)}.inline-person{vertical-align:middle;align-items:center;gap:.35rem;display:inline-flex}.inline-person>a:first-child{align-items:center;display:inline-flex}.author-block{vertical-align:middle;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:.24rem;display:inline-flex}.author-contact-row{align-items:center;gap:.28rem;margin-left:0;line-height:1;display:inline-flex}.author-contact-row .author-domain-link,.author-contact-row .circle-linkedin{margin:0}.compact-person{white-space:nowrap;gap:.18rem!important}.compact-person>*{margin:0!important}.compact-person .inline-linkedin{margin-left:0!important}.inline-person.compact-person{line-height:1}.inline-person.compact-person a,.inline-person.compact-person strong{vertical-align:middle}.inline-person.compact-person .circle-linkedin,.author-contact-row .circle-linkedin{flex-basis:1.55rem;width:1.55rem;height:1.55rem}.year-column.is-long>span{line-height:1.02;letter-spacing:-.045em!important;font-size:clamp(30px,3.3vw,48px)!important}.year-column>span,.year-column.is-long>span{white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:-.045em!important;font-size:clamp(30px,3.3vw,48px)!important;font-weight:350!important;line-height:1.02!important}@media (width>=761px){.history-grid{column-gap:clamp(34px,4vw,64px)!important}}.year-column>span,.year-column.is-long>span{font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,43px)!important}.presentation-sources{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;margin-top:20px;display:grid}.presentation-source-card{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#f7fbff;border-radius:9px;flex-direction:column;min-height:132px;padding:15px 16px;transition:all .2s;display:flex}.presentation-source-card:hover{box-shadow:var(--shadow);border-color:#9ac9f4;transform:translateY(-2px)}.presentation-source-card span{color:#526a80;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700}.presentation-source-card strong{color:#123d6c;margin-top:8px;font-size:13px;font-weight:650;line-height:1.45}.presentation-source-card small{color:#0969da;margin-top:auto;padding-top:12px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:650}@media (width<=760px){.presentation-sources{grid-template-columns:1fr}.presentation-source-card{min-height:118px}:root{--timeline-h:76px}.top-nav .nav-inner{width:calc(100% - 30px)}.menu-button{min-width:44px;min-height:44px}.mobile-nav a{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:flex}.hero{min-height:390px}.hero-copy{width:calc(100% - 30px);padding-top:42px;padding-bottom:42px}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(40px,11.5vw,43px);line-height:1.03}.hero .hero-sub{margin-top:12px;line-height:1.35}.hero>.hero-copy>p:not(.hero-kicker):not(.hero-sub):not(.hero-byline){margin-top:16px;line-height:1.58}.hero .hero-byline{row-gap:9px;margin-top:20px}.timeline-sticky{height:var(--timeline-h)}.timeline-wrap{overscroll-behavior-x:contain;scroll-snap-type:x proximity;scrollbar-width:none;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(108px,108px));width:100%;padding:7px 8px 9px;overflow-x:auto}.timeline-wrap::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}.timeline-item{scroll-snap-align:start;min-width:108px;padding:4px 4px 0}.timeline-year{font-size:14px}.timeline-label{white-space:normal;max-width:100px;font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.15}.timeline-rail{width:548px;bottom:16px;left:62px}.timeline-item i{width:12px;height:12px}.purpose-section{padding:42px 15px 44px}.content-section{padding:50px 15px}.history-section{width:calc(100% - 30px);padding-top:32px;padding-bottom:30px}.purpose-intro h2,.section-heading h2{font-size:28px}.history-copy h2{font-size:23px}.inline-links a,.inline-cta,.closing-band a{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex}.presentation-source-card{width:100%;min-height:112px;padding:14px 15px}.reference-stack a{align-items:center;min-height:44px;display:flex}.patent-grid{gap:24px}.patent-copy{padding:22px}.patent-image{min-height:0;padding:9px}.patent-image img{max-height:390px}.closing-band{gap:24px;padding:42px 15px}footer{padding:24px 15px}}@media (width<=390px){.hero h1{font-size:39px}.hero .hero-sub{font-size:15px}.purpose-intro h2,.section-heading h2{font-size:27px}.bar-row{grid-template-columns:100px 1fr 24px;gap:8px}}